਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ .BODY { background-color: #EAF1F7; background-image: url('images/gtbh.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; color: #0066CC;} ਍⸀䌀㄀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀　　㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ .BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;} ਍⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀　　　　㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ ਍㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀∀挀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ琀礀瀀攀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀唀吀䘀ⴀ㠀∀㸀㰀⼀䠀䔀䄀䐀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀䘀伀一吀 䄀䰀䤀䜀一㴀∀䨀唀匀吀䤀䘀夀∀ 䘀䄀䌀䔀㴀∀吀愀栀漀洀愀∀㸀ഀഀ

'AZĪM KHĀN, MUHAMMAD (d. 1823), was one of the sons of Paindā Khān and a brother of Fateh Khān, who appointed him governor of Kashmīr in April 1813. In 1814, Mahārājā Raṇjīt Siṅgh made an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Kashmīr. On the death of Fateh Khān in 1818, 'Azīm Khān hurried from Kashmīr to Kābul, and inflicted a crushing defeat on Prince Kāmrān, the assassin of Fateh Khān. He placed Ayūb Khān, a son of Taimūr Shāh, on the throne and himself became prime minister. In 1819, Raṇjīt Siṅgh conquered Kashmīr and, in 1822, he seized the city and province of Peshāwar from Yār Muhammad Khān, brother of 'Azīm Khān. 'Azīm Khān led an expedition to recover Peshāwar and launched a holy war against the Sikhs. The Afghān army stood near Nausherā on both sides of the Kābul river. Raṇjīt Siṅgh himself held command of the Sikh army. A. fierce battle was fought on 14 March 1823. The Afghān host was defeated and 'Azīm Khān fled to Kābul. Peshāwar was left with Yār Muhammad Khān as governor of the Sikh kingdom. 'Azīm Khān died of grief shortly afterwards.

਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ

਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 匀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀Ⰰ 匀漀栀愀渀 䰀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀Ⰰ ✀㰀椀㸀唀洀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀ⴀ甀琀ⴀ吀眀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䰀愀栀漀爀攀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㔀㔀ⴀ㠀㤀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

  • Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, vol. I. Princeton, 1968
    ਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䈀栀愀最愀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䴀愀栀愀爀愀樀愀 刀愀渀樀椀琀 匀椀渀最栀 愀渀搀 䠀椀猀 吀椀洀攀猀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀　㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ

    Sardār Siṅgh Bhāṭīā


    ਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ ਍㰀⼀䠀吀䴀䰀㸀㰀⼀䈀伀䐀夀㸀ഀഀ